English

again

/əˈɡɛn/
Another time: indicating a repeat of an action.

    Etymology graph

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    Origin

    From Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic *in gagin, from Proto-Germanic *in gagin. Cognate with German entgegen (“contrary to”), North Frisian ijen (“against”), Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”), and Icelandic í gegnum (“through”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishagayn
      • inheritedOld Englishonġēan
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*in gagin
          • inheritedProto-Germanic*in gagin
            • partProto-Germanic*in
              • inheritedProto-Indo-European*h₁én “in”
                • derived (ultimately)Proto-Indo-European*h₁ey- “to go”
            • partProto-Germanic*gagin “towards, against”
              • derivedProto-Germanic*ganganą
                • derivedProto-Indo-European*ǵʰengʰ- “to step; stride”

    Related: German entgegen, North Frisian ijen, Danish igen, Swedish igen, Norwegian Bokmål igjen, Icelandic í gegnum

    Sources