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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

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English

hope

/ˈhəʊp/
To want (something) to happen, with a sense of expectation that it might [with that (+ clause); or (informal) with clause; or with so or (negative) not].

    Etymology graph

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    • derived
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    Origin

    Etymology 1

    From Middle English hopen, from Old English hopian (“hope”), from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn; further etymology unclear.

    Cognates

    Cognate with Saterland Frisian, West Frisian hoopje (“to hope”), Cimbrian hòffan (“to hope”), Dutch hopen (“to hope”), German, Luxembourgish hoffen (“to hope”), Vilamovian höfnan (“hope”), Yiddish האָפֿן (hofn, “to hope”), Danish håbe (“to hope”), Norwegian Bokmål håpe (“to hope”), Norwegian Nynorsk håpa, håpe (“to hope”), Swedish hoppas (“to hope”).

    Etymology 2

    From Middle English hope, from Old English hopa (“hope, expectation”), from the same source as the verb hope.

    Eclipsed non-native early modern English esperance, borrowed from Middle French esperance.

    Etymology 3

    From Middle English hope (“a valley”), from Old English hōp (found only in placenames). More at hoop.

    Etymology 4

    From Icelandic hóp (“a small bay or inlet”). Cognate with English hoop.

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishhope “a valley”
      • inheritedOld Englishhopa
        • derivedOld Englishtōhopa
          • derivedProto-West Germanic*tōhopōn
      • inheritedOld Englishhōp “mound, raised land; in combination, circular object”
        • inheritedProto-Germanic*hōpą “bend, bow, arch”
    • inheritedMiddle Englishhopen
      • inheritedOld Englishhopian
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*hopōn
    • derivedIcelandichóp “a small bay or inlet”

    Related: English hoop, West Frisian hoopje, Cimbrian hòffan, Dutch hopen, Luxembourgish hoffen, Vilamovian höfnan, Yiddish האָפֿן, Danish håbe, Norwegian Bokmål håpe, Norwegian Nynorsk håpa, Swedish hoppas

    Meanings

    verb
    1. To want (something) to happen, with a sense of expectation that it might [with that (+ clause); or (informal) with clause; or with so or (negative) not].
    2. To intend to do something and look forward to the prospect of having done it [with to (+ infinitive)].
    3. To expect optimistically that one might get something (either a change in circumstance or an object) [with for].
    4. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good [with in].
    5. To wish.
    noun
    1. The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.
    2. The actual thing wished for.
    3. A person or thing that is a source of hope.
    4. The virtuous desire for future good.

    Sources

    • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
    • Wiktionary: hope