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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

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English

judge

/d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.

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    • derived
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    • meaning component
    • sound component
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    Origin

    Etymology 1

    From Middle English juge, jugge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex. Displaced native Middle English deme (from Old English dēma (“judge”)) and demere (from Old English dēmere (“judge”)), see also deemer, deemster.

    Etymology 2

    From Middle English jugen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman juger, from Old French jugier, from Latin iūdicāre. Doublet of judicate.

    Partly displaced native deem.

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • rootProto-Indo-European*h₂yew- “(adjective) right; straight; upright; (noun) justice; law; right”
    • rootProto-Indo-European*deyḱ- “to show”
    • inheritedMiddle Englishjuge
      • derivedOld Frenchjuge
        • derivedLatiniūdex
          • partLatiniūs “law”
            • inheritedProto-Indo-European*yéwHs “soup, broth”
            • inheritedProto-Italic*jowos
          • partProto-Italic*-diks
    • inheritedMiddle Englishjugen
      • derivedAnglo-Normanjuger
        • derivedOld Frenchjugier
          • derivedLatiniūdicō “to judge, decide”
            • partLatin-ō “denominative”
              • inheritedProto-Italic*-āō
              • derivedProto-Indo-European*-ō
              • inheritedProto-Italic*-ōd
              • derivedProto-Indo-European*-Hō

    Related: English judicate (doublet)

    Meanings

    noun
    1. A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.
    2. A person who decides the fate of someone or something that has been called into question.
    3. A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar; referee.
    4. A person who evaluates something or forms an opinion.
    5. A shophet, a temporary leader appointed in times of crisis in ancient Israel.
    verb
    1. To sit in judgment on; to pass sentence on (a person or matter).
    2. To sit in judgment, to act as judge.
    3. To judicially rule or determine.
    4. To sentence to punishment, to judicially condemn.
    5. To award judicially; to adjudge.
    6. To form an opinion on; to appraise.

    Sources

    • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
    • Wiktionary: judge