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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

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English

rest

/ɹɛst/
Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep.

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    • derived
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    • meaning component
    • sound component
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    Origin

    Etymology 1

    From Middle English rest, reste, from Old English ræst, from Proto-West Germanic *rastu, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, of uncertain origin; possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest”) or *Hre(h₁)s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with West Frisian rêst (“rest”), Dutch rust (“rest”), German Rast (“rest”), Swedish rast (“rest”), Norwegian rest (“rest”), Icelandic röst (“rest”), Old Irish árus (“dwelling”), German Ruhe (“calm”), Albanian resht (“to stop, pause”), Welsh araf (“quiet, calm, gentle”), Lithuanian rovà (“calm”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest, respite”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬨𐬈 (aⁱrime, “calm, peaceful”), Sanskrit रमते (rámate, “he stays still, calms down”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (rimis, “tranquility”). Related to roo.

    Etymology 2

    From Middle English resten, from Old English restan, from Proto-West Germanic *rastijan (“to rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”). Cognate with Dutch rusten (“to rest”), Middle Low German resten (“to rest”), German rasten (“to rest”), Danish raste (“to rest”), Swedish rasta (“to rest”).

    Etymology 3

    From Middle English reste, from Old French reste, from Old French rester (“to remain”), from Latin restō (“to stay back, stay behind”), from re- + stō (“to stand”). Replaced native Middle English lave (“rest, remainder”) (from Old English lāf (“remnant, remainder”)).

    Etymology 4

    From Middle English resten, from Old French rester, from Latin restō.

    Etymology 5

    Aphetic form of arrest.

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishreste
      • inheritedOld Englishræst
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*rastu
          • inheritedProto-Germanic*rastō “rest, pause”
            • derivedProto-Indo-European*h₁reh₁- “to row”
      • derivedOld Frenchreste
        • derivedOld Frenchrester “to remain”
          • derivedLatinrestō “to stay back, stay behind”
    • inheritedMiddle Englishresten
      • inheritedOld Englishrestan
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*rastijan “to rest”
          • derivedProto-Indo-European*ros-
    • rootProto-Indo-European*steh₂- “to stand, stay”

    Related: West Frisian rêst, Dutch rust, German Rast, Swedish rast, Norwegian rest, Icelandic röst, Old Irish árus, German Ruhe, Albanian resht, Welsh araf, Lithuanian rovà, Ancient Greek ἐρωή, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬨𐬈, Sanskrit रमते, Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃, Dutch rusten, Middle Low German resten, German rasten, Danish raste, Swedish rasta, Middle English lave, Old English lāf

    Meanings

    noun
    1. Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep.
    2. Any relief from exertion; a state of quiet and relaxation.
    3. Peace; freedom from worry, anxiety, annoyances; tranquility.
    4. A state of inactivity; a state of little or no motion; a state of completion.
    5. A final position after death. Also, death itself: "Not alone, not alone would I go to my rest in the heart of the love..." -- George William Russell ("Love")
    6. A pause of a specified length in a piece of music.
    verb
    1. To cease from action, motion, work, or performance of any kind; stop; desist; be without motion.
    2. To come to a pause or an end; end.
    3. To be free from that which harasses or disturbs; be quiet or still; be undisturbed.
    4. To put into a state of rest.
    5. To stay, remain, be situated, or belong to.
    6. To rely or depend on.

    Sources

    • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
    • Wiktionary: rest