same

From Middle English same, from Old Norse samr (“same”) and/or Old English same, sama (“same”) in the phrase swā same (swā) (“in like manner, in the same way (as)”), both from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of some and -some.

Cognates

Cognate with Scots samin (“same, like, together”), Dutch samen (“together”), Danish samme (“same”), Swedish samma (“same”), Norwegian Bokmål samme (“same”), Norwegian Nynorsk same (“same”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama), a weak adjectival form, Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Old Irish som, Russian са́мый (sámyj), Sanskrit सम (samá), Persian هم (ham, “also, same”), Finnish sama (“same”), Estonian sama (“same”).

Unlikely to be related to Malay and Indonesian sama (“same, equal, together, exactly like”) and other similar words in Austronesian languages, based on cognates found in Oceanic languages such as Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”); and Malagasy samy (“both, each, everyone; same”), which rarely to never had any direct contact with Indo-European speakers in precolonialism (except Malay and most regional languages of Indonesia, e.g. Javanese and Sundanese). All of which originated from Proto-Austronesian *sama (“both, each, everyone, fellow, together, corresponding part; exactly like, in pairs, in line; same”).

From Middle English same, samme, samen, (also ysame, isame), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Cognate with Scots samin (“together”), Dutch samen (“together”), German zusammen (“together”), Swedish samman (“together”), Icelandic saman (“together”).