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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

English

stop

/stɒp/
To cease moving.

    Etymology graph

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    • borrowed
    • derived
    • parts
    • meaning component
    • sound component
    • related
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    Origin

    Etymology 1

    From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”).

    Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål stoppe (“to stop”), Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.

    Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.

    Etymology 2

    From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.

    Cognates

    Cognate with Norwegian stopp, stoppa (“deep well, recess”), Middle High German stubech, stübich (“barrel, vat, unit of measure”) (German Stübchen). Related also to Middle Low German stōp (“beaker, flask”), Middle High German stouf (“beaker, flask”), Norwegian staupa (“goblet”), Icelandic staupa (“shot-glass”), Old English stēap (“a stoup, beaker, drinking vessel, cup, flagon”). Cognate to Albanian shtambë (“amphora, bucket”).

    Etymology 3

    From s- + top.

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishstoppen
      • inheritedOld Englishstoppian “to stop, close”
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*stoppōn “to clog up, block, fill”
          • inheritedProto-Germanic*stuppōną “to stop, close”
            • derivedProto-Indo-European*
    • rootProto-Indo-European*(s)tewp- “to push; to stick”
    • inheritedMiddle Englishstoppe
      • inheritedOld Englishstoppa “bucket, pail, a stop”
        • inheritedProto-Germanic*stuppô “vat, vessel”
          • derivedProto-Indo-European*(s)teub- “to push, hit; stick, stump”
    • partEnglishs- “Subatomic particles with a spin (quantum angular momentum) of 0, predicted by supersymmetry; the bo…”
      • derivedEnglishscalar “Having magnitude but not direction.”
        • borrowedLatinscālāris
      • derivedEnglishsec- “secondary-form of a functional group, a branched functional group”
        • derivedEnglishsecondary “Next in order to the first or primary; of second place in origin, rank, etc.”
    • partEnglishtop “The highest or uppermost part of something.”
      • inheritedMiddle Englishtop
        • inheritedOld Englishtopp “top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest…”

    Related: Saterland Frisian stopje, West Frisian stopje, Dutch stoppen, Low German stoppen, German stopfen, German stoppen, da,nb stoppe, is,nn,sv stoppa, Middle High German stupfen, Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, Ancient Greek στύπη, Norwegian stopp, Middle High German stubech, Middle Low German stōp, Middle High German stouf, Norwegian staupa, Icelandic staupa, Old English stēap, Albanian shtambë

    Words built on it: stop-work

    Meanings

    verb
    1. To cease moving.
    2. Not to continue.
    3. To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
    4. To cease; to no longer continue.
    5. To cause (something) to come to an end.
    6. To interrupt, prevent or end the activity of someone or something.
    noun
    1. A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
    2. An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
    3. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; an obstacle; an impediment.
    4. A device intended to block the path of a moving object
    5. A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.
    6. A member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts.

    Sources

    • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
    • Wiktionary: stop