English

without

/wɪðˈaʊt/
Outside, externally.

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    Origin

    From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”).

    Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”).

    Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishwithoute “without”
      • inheritedOld Englishwiþūtan
    • surface analysisEnglishwith- “Prefix meaning "against", "in opposition to".”
    • surface analysisEnglishout “Away from the inside or centre.”

    Related: Dutch buiten, Danish uden, Swedish utan, Norwegian uten

    Sources