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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

整

zhěng
to gather; to assemble
  • Phono-semantic compound 形聲
  • HSK 3
  • TOCFL 4
  • radical 攴
  • 16 strokes

Etymology graph

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  • derived
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Origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjeŋʔ): semantic 敕 + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs)

Endoactive of 正 (OC *tjeŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • meaningChinese敕 “(from superior to subordinate) to admonish; to command”
    • ideaChinese柬 “letter; note; invitation”
      • ideaChinese束 “to bind; to tie up”
      • ideaChinese八 “eight”
    • ideaChinese攴 “to hit lightly; to tap”
  • soundChinese正 “straight; upright in proper position; middle”
    • soundChinese丁 “the fourth of the ten heavenly stems”
    • meaningChinese止 “foot”

Words built on it: 整理, 完整, 整天, 整整

Meanings

character
  1. to gather; to assemble
  2. to put in order; to sort out
  3. to fix; to repair
  4. to rebuild; to renovate; to recondition; to refurbish
  5. orderly; neat; tidy
  6. whole; entire; all; complete

Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字

整：齊也。从攴从束从正，正亦聲。

Xu Shen, c. 100 CE — the first analytical dictionary of Chinese characters.

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 治理、收拾。 例：整軍、整頓、整裝
  2. 齊一、有秩序的。 例：整齊、整潔
  3. 完全的、全部的。 例：整體、完整、整批
  4. 教訓、使人受苦。 例：整人
  5. 修飾。 例：整修、整容、整形
  6. 數學上指沒有小數的。 例：整數

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

How 整 was written 字形演變

  1. 整 in Bronze script
    Bronze
    金文
    Shang–Zhou
  2. 整 in Small seal script
    Small seal
    說文小篆
    Shuowen, c. 100 CE
  3. 整 in Regular script
    Regular
    楷書
    since c. 200 CE

Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.

Sources

  • Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • 說文解字 Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, c. 100 CE) — Public domain
  • Written form — n/a
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 整