習
- Ideogrammatic compound 會意
- HSK 1
- radical 羽
- 11 strokes
Etymology graph
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Origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 羽 (“wings”) + 日 (“sun”) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.
In the current form, 日 (rì, “sun”) has changed to 白 (bái, “white”), so the present form is 羽 (“wings”) + 白 (“white”).
Alternatively, the original form may have been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ljub): phonetic 彗 (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.
Area word:
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-ləp (“to learn”): Tibetan སློབ (slob, “to learn”), སློབས (slobs, “exercise; training”); Mizo tlip (“to repeat; to do again; to perfect”),
* Mon-Khmer: Khmer ធ្លាប់ (thlŏəp, “to become accustomed to; to have the habit of; marker of continuous action in the past”); Proto-Mon *le̤p ("to know how to, be skilled in") > Mon လေပ် (lèp, “to be versed in”).
From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Lineage
How 習 was written 字形演變
- Oracle bone甲骨文Shang, c. 1250–1050 BCE
- Chu slips & silk楚系簡帛Warring States
- Small seal說文小篆Shuowen, c. 100 CE
- Regular楷書since c. 200 CE
Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.
Sources
- Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
- HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
- 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
- 說文解字 Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, c. 100 CE) — Public domain
- Written form — n/a
- Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wiktionary: 習