源etymfun
About

Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

補

bǔ
to mend; to repair; to fix
  • Phono-semantic compound 形聲
  • HSK 3
  • TOCFL 6
  • radical 衣
  • 13 strokes

Etymology graph

  • inherited
  • borrowed
  • derived
  • parts
  • meaning component
  • sound component
  • related
React Flow
Press enter or space to select a node. You can then use the arrow keys to move the node around. Press delete to remove it and escape to cancel.
Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.

點擊節點放大 · Click a node to zoom in

Origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *paːʔ): semantic 衤 (“clothes”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-paʔ (“to patch; to mend; to sew”) (STEDT under *s/m-p(ʷ)a); compare Burmese ဖာ (hpa, “to patch; to mend”), Jingpho pa (pa³¹, “mended”).

According to Schuessler (2007), 補 (OC *paːʔ) is an area word; compare Khmer ប៉ះ (pah, “to mend; to patch; to fix”), Proto-Vietic *k-paːʔ (“to repair; to sew”).

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • inheritedProto-Sino-Tibetan*C-paʔ “to patch; to mend; to sew”
  • meaningChinese衣 “garment; clothes; clothing (Classifier: 件)”
  • soundChinese甫 “A term of address for a man, usually as a suffix placed after a man's courtesy name.”
    • ideaChinese屮 “new birth of plant”
    • ideaChinese田 “farmland (Classifier: 塊／块 m c)”

Related: Burmese ဖာ, Jingpho pa, Khmer ប៉ះ, Proto-Vietic *k-paːʔ

Meanings

character
  1. to mend; to repair; to fix
  2. to compensate; to recompense; to make up for
  3. to add; to augment; to increase; to raise
  4. to make up for a deficiency; to nourish
  5. benefit; profit; advantage
  6. a surname, Bu

Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字

補：完衣也。从衣甫聲。

Xu Shen, c. 100 CE — the first analytical dictionary of Chinese characters.

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 將破裂、破損的地方修好。 例：補衣、縫補、補破網　◎
  2. 添足所缺少的。 例：補充、填補、遞補
  3. 助益、裨益。 例：於事無補、不無小補
  4. 補充養分。 例：補品、冬令進補、十全大補湯

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

How 補 was written 字形演變

  1. 補 in Qin slips script
    Qin slips
    秦系簡牘
    Qin
  2. 補 in Small seal script
    Small seal
    說文小篆
    Shuowen, c. 100 CE
  3. 補 in Regular script
    Regular
    楷書
    since c. 200 CE

Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.

Sources

  • Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • 說文解字 Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, c. 100 CE) — Public domain
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 補