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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

運動

yùndòng
to exercise; to move about
  • TOCFL 2
  • 运动

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Origin

The modern meaning derives from a Japanese coinage in the nineteenth century, as wasei kango (和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご)) (Heinrich, 2021).

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • characterChinese運 “to move; to revolve”
    • meaningChinese辵 “to walk for a while and be still for a while”
      • ideaChinese彳 “to walk slowly”
      • ideaChinese止 “foot”
    • soundChinese軍 “armed forces; army; troops”
      • ideaChinese車 “land vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛／辆 m; 部 m c; 臺／台 m mn; 架 c; 頂／顶 mn; 張／张 mn-t; 乘 m)”
      • ideaChinese勹 “person bending over”
  • characterChinese動 “to move”
    • soundChinese重 “heavy”
      • meaningChinese人 “man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)”
      • soundChinese東 “east”
    • meaningChinese力 “physical strength; physical power; energy”

Meanings

verb
  1. to exercise; to move about
  2. to get things done by pulling strings
noun
  1. sports; athletics; exercise; game
  2. movement; motion
  3. movement; campaign
adj
  1. motor

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 物體處於非靜止的狀態或改變位置的現象。 例：直線運動、平面運動、等加速運動
  2. 活動筋骨，使血脈暢通，以增進身體健康。 例：天天運動，有益身心健康。
  3. 社會中有目的、有組織而規模較大的群眾活動。 例：女權運動、五四運動
  4. 遊說他人或四處奔走以求達到某種目的。 例：他們到處運動，為保護自然環境而請命。

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

Sources

  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • Written form — n/a
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 運動