源etymfun
About

Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

鄉

xiāng
township
  • Ideogrammatic compound 會意
  • HSK 3
  • radical 邑
  • 12 strokes

Etymology graph

  • inherited
  • borrowed
  • derived
  • parts
  • meaning component
  • sound component
  • related
React Flow
Press enter or space to select a node. You can then use the arrow keys to move the node around. Press delete to remove it and escape to cancel.
Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.

點擊節點放大 · Click a node to zoom in

Origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting.

In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965).

The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • ideaChinese𠨍 “order, regulation”
  • ideaChinese皀 “Prepared food, a vessel full of food (as in 即 and 既, in which is simplified)”

Words built on it: 曏, 響

Meanings

character
  1. township
  2. countryside; country; rural area
  3. one's native place
  4. place
  5. state; situation
  6. a surname

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 地方政府的行政區域名稱。在縣之下,村里之上。 例:鄉鎮、魚池鄉、冬山鄉
  2. 城鎮以外耕地較多,人口不稠密的地區。 例:鄉村、窮鄉僻壤
  3. 祖籍、出生地或長期居住過的地方。 例:故鄉、家鄉
  4. 某種境界或狀態。 例:醉鄉、夢鄉、溫柔鄉

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

How 鄉 was written 字形演變

  1. 鄉 in Oracle bone script
    Oracle bone
    甲骨文
    Shang, c. 1250–1050 BCE
  2. 鄉 in Bronze script
    Bronze
    金文
    Shang–Zhou
  3. 鄉 in Chu slips & silk script
    Chu slips & silk
    楚系簡帛
    Warring States
  4. 鄉 in Qin slips script
    Qin slips
    秦系簡牘
    Qin
  5. 鄉 in Small seal script
    Small seal
    說文小篆
    Shuowen, c. 100 CE
  6. 鄉 in Regular script
    Regular
    楷書
    since c. 200 CE

Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.

Sources

  • Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 鄉