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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

黨

dǎng
community; fellow community member
  • Phono-semantic compound 形聲
  • HSK 6
  • radical 黑
  • 20 strokes
  • 攩
  • 挡

Etymology graph

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  • borrowed
  • derived
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Origin

Etymology 1

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark.

The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Etymology 2

Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan.

Schuessler (2007) compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-taŋ (“to see; to look”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”).

Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014).

Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007).

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • soundChinese尚 “still; yet”
    • meaningChinese八 “eight”
    • soundChinese向 “to face”
      • ideaChinese宀 “a type of deep house with walls on all four sides, a roof, a main hall, and back rooms”
      • ideaChinese口 “mouth, especially the lips and internal mouth cavity (Classifier: 把 c)”
  • meaningChinese黑 “black”

Related: Tibetan མཐོང, Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ təɲ, Khmer ដឹង, Eastern Bru ດັງ

Words built on it: 党

Meanings

character
  1. community; fellow community member
  2. gang; faction
  3. party
  4. the Communist Party of China
  5. Communist Party of Vietnam
  6. United Wa State Party

Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字

黨：不鮮也。从黑尚聲。

Xu Shen, c. 100 CE — the first analytical dictionary of Chinese characters.

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 懷有共同政治信念的人，所組成代表某一階層或某個集團利益的政治組織。 例：政黨、革命黨、無黨無派
  2. 因意氣相投或利害關係相同而結成的小團體。 例：死黨、結黨營私、狐群狗黨
  3. 親族、姻戚。 例：父黨、母黨
  4. 偏袒、偏私。 例：黨同伐異
  5. 正直的。通「讜」。 例：黨言、黨論
  6. 姓。

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

How 黨 was written 字形演變

  1. 黨 in Bronze script
    Bronze
    金文
    Shang–Zhou
  2. 黨 in Chu slips & silk script
    Chu slips & silk
    楚系簡帛
    Warring States
  3. 黨 in Qin slips script
    Qin slips
    秦系簡牘
    Qin
  4. 黨 in Small seal script
    Small seal
    說文小篆
    Shuowen, c. 100 CE
  5. 黨 in Regular script
    Regular
    楷書
    since c. 200 CE

Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.

Sources

  • Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • 說文解字 Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, c. 100 CE) — Public domain
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 黨