French
Etymology graph
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- borrowed
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Origin
Inherited from Middle English Frenche, Frensch, Frensc, Frenshe, Frenk, Franche, from Old English Frenċisċ (“Frankish, French”), from Proto-West Germanic *Frankisk (“Frankish”), equivalent to Frank + -ish (compare Frankish). Cognate with Middle Low German vranksch, frenkisch, vrenkesch, vrenksch (“Frankish, French”), Middle High German vrenkisch, vrensch ("Frankish, Franconian; > German fränkisch (“Frankish, Franconian”)), Danish fransk (“French”), Swedish fransk, fransysk (“French”), Icelandic franska (“French”).
Doublet of Frankish; piecewise doublet of Francis, Franz, and Francisco, which are derived from Late Latin Franciscus
In reference to vulgar language, from expressions such as pardon my French in the early 19th century, originally in reference to actual (but often mildly impolite) French expressions by the upper class, subsequently adopted ironically by the lower class for English curse words under the charitable conceit that the listener would not be familiar with them.
In reference to vermouth, a shortened form of French vermouth, distinguished as usually being drier than Italian vermouth.
From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Lineage
- inheritedMiddle EnglishFrensch
- derivedOld EnglishFrencisċ
- borrowedEnglishterms
- derivedEnglishan “Used before a vowel sound.”
- inheritedMiddle Englishan “and, if”
- derivedEnglishHollow
- derivedEnglish1390
- derivedEnglishintermittent “Stopping and starting, occurring, or presenting at intervals; coming after a particular time span.”
- derivedEnglishdraoi “druid”
- derivedEnglishpidgin “An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a …”
- derivedEnglishLenape “A member of a group of aboriginal Americans who were living in what is now New Jersey and along the…”
- derivedEnglisha “The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.”
- derivedEnglishwhich “What, of those mentioned or implied.”
- derivedMiddle Frenchescuirie
- derivedEnglishaden “mountain”
- partEnglishwil “will”
- derivedEnglishor “Connects at least two alternative words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc., each of which could mak…”
- derivedMiddle Frenchbougette “little pouch”
- derivedEnglishplaisance “pleasance”
- derivedEnglishPowhatan “A member of a Native American confederation of tribes in Virginia.”
- derivedEnglishsordidus “dirty, vile”
- derivedCantonese胡
- derived (possibly)Englishdugan “to avail, serve”
- derivedEnglishWaltheri
- derivedEnglishweald “A forest or wood.”
- derivedEnglishsunna “sun”
- partEnglishhæle “warrior, hero”
- derivedEnglishepisode “A discrete but connected event, situation, or period within a broader sequence, narrative, or life …”
- partEnglishburh “A fortified dwelling place belonging to a king or noble; a prehistoric fort.”
- partEnglishhealh
- borrowedGeorgianან
- inheritedOld Englishān “one”
- derivedEnglishCorsica “An island and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia.”
- borrowedLatinCorsica
- derivedEnglishcire “A fabric with a glazed finish.”
- derivedEnglishciré “Having a shiny, glossy surface, often due to the application of wax or heat treatment.”
- derivedEnglishLatin “Of or relating to Latin: the language spoken in ancient Rome and other cities of Latium.”
- derivedEnglishJustus “A male given name from Latin.”
- derivedEnglishAncient
- derivedEnglishpēnultimus
- derivedEnglishdilapidare “to destroy with stones”
- partEnglishprae “before”
- derivedEnglishnotare “to observe”
- derivedEnglishvīndēmĭa “grape-gathering, vintage”
- derivedEnglishcapillus
- possiblyMedieval Latinrather
- partAncient Greekφῐ́λος “loving”
- partEnglishcor “Expression of surprise.”
- partAncient Greekδελφύς “womb, uterus”
- inheritedMiddle EnglishLatyn
- inheritedMiddle EnglishLatin
- derivedMiddle EnglishLatyn
- partEnglishvive “lively, animated”
- derivedLatinvīvus “alive”
- derivedLatinofficīna “workshop”
- partLatinopifex “a workman”
- derivedLatinopificīna
- partLatin-īna
- derivedEnglishpaille “straw”
- derivedEnglishthe “...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or ve…”
- derivedEnglish7th
- derivedEnglishSweden “A country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden. Capital: Stockholm.”
- derivedEnglishJohn “A male given name originating from the Bible [in turn from Hebrew]; very popular since the Middle A…”
- derivedEnglishEisen “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMilonakis—himself
- derivedEnglishmull “To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate.”
- derivedEnglishNîmes “A city, the capital of Gard department, Occitania, southern France, formerly in the region of Langu…”
- derivedEnglishon “In the state of being active, functioning or operating.”
- derivedEnglishpassio “suffering”
- derivedEnglishmarine “Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the …”
- derivedEnglishninny “A silly or foolish person.”
- derivedEnglishlack “A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth.”
- derivedEnglishtalking “The action of the verb talk.”
- derivedEnglishPlacerville “A city, the county seat of El Dorado County, California, United States.”
- derivedEnglishinside “The interior or inner part.”
- derivedEnglishacetylierte
- derivedEnglishBlau “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishFahr “A surname from German.”
- derived (possibly)EnglishMatthew “A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.”
- derivedEnglishBMC
- derivedLatin-plus “-ple”
- derivedEnglishming “To mix, blend, mingle.”
- derivedEnglishRuaghagain
- derivedEnglishhome “One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which …”
- derivedEnglishkind “A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may b…”
- derivedEnglishits “Belonging to it.”
- derivedEnglishfirst “Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest.”
- derivedEnglish1940
- derivedProto-Germanic*landą “land”
- derivedEnglishKohl “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMöhn
- derivedEnglishÓ “descendant”
- derivedEnglishsmelting “The process of melting or fusion, especially to extract a metal from its ore.”
- borrowedEnglishJapanese “Of, relating to, derived from, or characteristic of Japan, its people, language, or culture.”
- derivedEnglishDurst “A surname.”
- partEnglish新 “new”
- derivedEnglishcarrying “Transportation.”
- derivedEnglishgunfire “Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.”
- derivedEnglishseemingly “As it appears; apparently.”
- derivedEnglishBusch “A surname.”
- derivedEnglishboth “Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.”
- derivedEnglishNeapolitan “Of, from or relating to the city of Naples, capital and largest city of Campania, Italy, or the sur…”
- derivedEnglishNARG “not a real gentleman”
- derivedEnglishThe
- derivedEnglish1993
- derivedMedieval Latinpancharta
- derivedMohawk[Term?] “a kind of pike [fish]”
- derivedLatinalveus “a hollow, cavity”
- borrowedEnglishreblocher “to pinch a cow's udder again”
- derivedEnglishWarsaw “The capital city of Poland; the capital city of Masovian Voivodeship.”
- derivedEnglishmonter “to mount”
- derivedEnglishorange “An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).”
- partEnglishbel “A measure of relative power, defined as log₁₀(P ₁/P ₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the measured and refere…”
- derivedEnglishtruite “trout”
- derivedEnglishbredouiller “to stammer, to mumble”
- derivedEnglishcran “A measure of herrings, either imprecise or sometimes legally specified. It has oftentimes been abou…”
- derivedEnglishAlgonquian “Relating to a group of North American languages.”
- borrowedEnglishOccitan “An endangered Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern Franc…”
- partEnglishla “A syllable used in solfège to represent the sixth note of a major scale.”
- partEnglishcher
Related: English Frankish (doublet), Middle Low German vranksch, Middle High German vrenkisch, German fränkisch, Danish fransk, Swedish fransk, Icelandic franska
Words built on it: for-
Sources
- Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wiktionary: French