rock
Etymology graph
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Origin
Inherited from Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old English *rocc (“rock”), as in Old English stānrocc (“high stone rock, peak, obelisk”), and also later from Anglo-Norman roque, (compare Modern French roc, roche, rocher), from Medieval Latin rocca (attested 767), of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be of Celtic (in particular, perhaps Gaulish) origin (compare Breton roc'h). Related also to Middle Low German rocke (“rock ledge”). One suggestion is that it derives from Vulgar Latin *rupica, from rupes (compare rupico).
Inherited from Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-West Germanic *rokkōn, from Proto-Germanic *rukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ruknéh₂ti, from *h₃rewk-, *h₃runk-.
See also obsolete Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken (“to drag, jerk”), Modern German rücken (“to move, shift”), Icelandic rukka (“to yank”); also Latin runcāre (“to weed”), Latvian rũķēt (“to toss, dig”).
Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style.
From Middle English rok, rocke, rokke, perhaps from Middle Dutch rocke (whence Dutch rokken), Middle Low German rocken, or Old Norse rokkr (whence Icelandic / Faroese rokkur, Danish rok, Swedish spinnrock (“spinning wheel”)). Cognate with Old High German rocko (“distaff”).
From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Lineage
- inheritedMiddle Englishrokke
- inheritedOld English*rocc “rock”
- borrowedMedieval Latinrocca
- borrowedAnglo-Normanroche “rock”
- inheritedEarly Medieval Latinrocca
- inheritedOld English*rocc “rock”
- derivedEnglishrock and roll “A genre of popular music that evolved in the 1950s from a combination of rhythm and blues and count…”
- partEnglishand “Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.”
- inheritedMiddle Englishand
- inheritedOld Englishand
- derivedMiddle Englishfive
- inheritedMiddle Englishande
- inheritedOld Englishanda “grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fea…”
- inheritedMiddle Englishanden
- inheritedOld Englishandian “to be envious or jealous, envy”
- inheritedMiddle Englishand
- partEnglishroll “To revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on a horizontal axis; to impel forward with…”
- inheritedMiddle Englishrollen
- borrowedOld Frenchroeler
- inheritedLatinrotulāre
- derivedLatinrotula “roll, a little wheel”
- partLatinrota “wheel”
- inheritedProto-Italic*rotā
- partLatin-ulus “-ule: forming diminutives”
- inheritedProto-Italic*-elos
- partLatinrota “wheel”
- derivedLatinrotula “roll, a little wheel”
- inheritedLatinrotulāre
- borrowedOld Frenchroeler
- inheritedMiddle Englishrollen
- partEnglishand “Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.”
- inheritedMiddle Englishrokken “to move (something, such as a cradle) back and forth; to move or sway back and forth in an unstable…”
- inheritedOld Englishroccian “to rock”
- inheritedProto-Germanic*rukkōną “to move; to move back and forth, rock”
- inheritedOld Englishroccian “to rock”
- derivedMiddle Englishrok
- derivedMiddle Dutchrocke
- derivedMiddle Low Germanrocken
- derivedOld Norserokkr “skirt, jacket”
- derivedMiddle Low Germanrocken
- derivedMiddle Dutchrocke
Related: Old English stānrocc, French roc, Breton roc'h, Middle Low German rocke, Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken, German rücken, Icelandic rukka, Latin runcāre, Latvian rũķēt, Faroese rokkur, Danish rok, Swedish spinnrock, Old High German rocko
Sources
- Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wiktionary: rock