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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

Chinese

粗

/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
coarse; rough
  • Phono-semantic compound 形聲
  • HSK 4
  • TOCFL 6
  • radical 米
  • 11 strokes
  • 觕

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Origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaː, *zaːʔ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ra (“hard, difficult”); cognate with Tibetan སྲ་མོ (sra mo, “hard”) (STEDT).

From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lineage

  • inheritedProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-ra “hard, difficult”
  • meaningChinese米 “hulled or husked uncooked rice (Classifier: 粒 m c mn; 顆／颗 m)”
  • soundChinese且 “this”

Related: Tibetan སྲ་མོ

Meanings

character
  1. coarse; rough
  2. vulgar; rude; crude
  3. thick; heavy; bulky (especially of cylindrical objects)

Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字

粗：疏也。从米且聲。

Xu Shen, c. 100 CE — the first analytical dictionary of Chinese characters.

國語辭典 definitions

  1. 顆粒較大。與「細」相對。 例：粗沙、粗鹽
  2. 長條物橫切面較大。與「細」相對。 例：粗繩、粗線　◎
  3. 聲音較厚重。 例：粗聲、粗嗓子
  4. 不周密、不仔細。 例：粗心、粗略
  5. 不精緻、不細膩。與「精」相對。 例：粗糙、粗劣、粗茶淡飯
  6. 魯莽、不文雅。 例：粗魯、粗話、粗野

© Ministry of Education, Taiwan — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW, shown unaltered.

How 粗 was written 字形演變

  1. 粗 in Small seal script
    Small seal
    說文小篆
    Shuowen, c. 100 CE
  2. 粗 in Regular script
    Regular
    楷書
    since c. 200 CE

Historical forms collected by the legacy etymfun dataset; most characters have several attested variants.

Sources

  • Historical glyph forms (zdic.net 字形演变) — Rights unverified
  • HSK / TOCFL word lists — Facts (levels)
  • 教育部《國語辭典簡編本》 (Taiwan MOE) — CC BY-ND 3.0 TW
  • 說文解字 Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, c. 100 CE) — Public domain
  • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Wiktionary: 粗