king
Etymology graph
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- borrowed
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- sound component
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Origin
From Middle English king, kyng, kynge, from Old English cening, cing, cining, cuning, cyncg, cyneg, cyng, cyngc, cynig, cyning, king, kining, kuning, kyning, kyningc (“king”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, *kunungaz (“king”), from *kunją (“clan, family, kin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce; to beget”). Equivalent to kin + -ing. Doublet of cyning and knez.
Cognates
Cognate with Yola king, kinge (“king”), North Frisian kining, köning (“king”), Saterland Frisian Kening, König, Köänig (“king”), West Frisian kening (“king”), Alemannic German Chüng, Künig (“king”), Bavarian Kini (“king”), Central Franconian Künning (“king”), Cimbrian khuuneg (“king”), Dutch koning (“king”), German König (“king”), Luxembourgish Kinnek (“king”), Vilamovian kyng (“king”), Yiddish קעניג (kenig), קיניג (kinig, “king”), Danish kong, konge, konning (“king”), Elfdalian kunungg (“king”), Faroese kongur (“king”), Icelandic kóngur, konungur (“king”), Norwegian Bokmål konge (“king”), Norwegian Nynorsk konge (“king”), Scanian káng (“king”), Swedish konung, kung (“king”), Latgalian and Latvian kungs (“gentlemen”), Lithuanian kunigas (“priest”), Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian князь (knjazʹ, “prince; duke”), Bulgarian кнез (knez), княз (knjaz, “prince”), Czech kněz (“priest”), kníže (“prince”), Macedonian кнез (knez, “prince”), Polish ksiądz, xiądz (“priest; prince”), Serbo-Croatian кне̑з, knȇz (“prince”), Slovak kňaz (“priest”), knieža (“prince”), Slovene knez (“prince”), Estonian and Finnish kuningas (“king”), Ingrian kunigas, kunikas, kuningas (“king”), Veps kunigaz (“king”), Votic kunikõz (“king”), Võro kuning (“king”), Inari Sami kunâgâs (“king”), Kildin Sami коа̄нгэсс (kåångess), ко̄нгэс (kōnges, “bridegroom; king”), Lule Sami and Pite Sami gånågis (“king”), Northern Sami gonagas (“king”), Skolt Sami koonǥõs (“king”), Ter Sami конагас (konâgas, “king”); also Breton genel (“to bear”), Irish and Scottish Gaelic gin (“birth; fetus; offspring”), Welsh geni (“to be born”), Latin genō (“to bear, beget; to produce, yield”), Greek γενεά (geneá), γενιά (geniá, “ancestry, kin; generation”), Albanian dhen, dhën (“caprids, small livestock”), Lithuanian žentas (“son-in-law”), Belarusian зяць (zjacʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Bulgarian and Macedonian зет (zet, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Czech zeť (“son-in-law”), Polish zięć (“son-on-law”), Russian зять (zjatʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Serbo-Croatian зе̏т, zȅt (“brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Slovak zať (“son-in-law”), Slovene zet (“son-in-law”), Ukrainian зєть (zjetʹ), зять (zjatʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Armenian ծնել (cnel, “to bear”), Avestan 𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀𐬭 (ząθar, “father, progenitor; Creator”), Pashto زېږېدل (zeǵedël, “to be born”), Persian زادن (zādan / zâdan), زاییدن (zāyīdan / zâyidan, “to give birth”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “to beget, create, produce; to assign, procure”).
Eclipsed non-native Middle English roy (“king”) (Early Modern English roy), borrowed from Old French rei, roi, roy (“king”).
The verb is inherited from Middle English kingen, kyngen (“to perform the duties of a king”), itself from the noun.
From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Lineage
- inheritedMiddle Englishking
- inheritedOld Englishcyning “king”
- inheritedProto-West Germanic*kuning
- inheritedOld Englishcyning “king”
- derivedEnglishwhich “What, of those mentioned or implied.”
- inheritedMiddle Englishwhich
- inheritedOld Englishhwelċ “which”
- derivedEnglishthe “...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or ve…”
- derivedEnglish7th
- derivedEnglishSweden “A country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden. Capital: Stockholm.”
- derivedEnglishJohn “A male given name originating from the Bible [in turn from Hebrew]; very popular since the Middle A…”
- derivedEnglishEisen “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMilonakis—himself
- derivedEnglishmull “To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate.”
- derivedEnglishNîmes “A city, the capital of Gard department, Occitania, southern France, formerly in the region of Langu…”
- derivedEnglishon “In the state of being active, functioning or operating.”
- derivedEnglishpassio “suffering”
- derivedEnglishmarine “Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the …”
- derivedEnglishninny “A silly or foolish person.”
- derivedEnglishlack “A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth.”
- derivedEnglishtalking “The action of the verb talk.”
- derivedEnglisha “The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.”
- derivedEnglishPlacerville “A city, the county seat of El Dorado County, California, United States.”
- derivedEnglishinside “The interior or inner part.”
- derivedEnglishacetylierte
- derivedEnglishBlau “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishan “Used before a vowel sound.”
- derivedEnglishFahr “A surname from German.”
- derived (possibly)EnglishMatthew “A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.”
- derivedEnglishBMC
- derivedLatin-plus “-ple”
- derivedEnglishming “To mix, blend, mingle.”
- derivedEnglishRuaghagain
- derivedEnglishhome “One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which …”
- derivedEnglishkind “A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may b…”
- derivedEnglishits “Belonging to it.”
- derivedEnglishfirst “Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest.”
- derivedEnglish1940
- derivedProto-Germanic*landą “land”
- derivedEnglishKohl “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMöhn
- derivedEnglishÓ “descendant”
- derivedEnglishsmelting “The process of melting or fusion, especially to extract a metal from its ore.”
- borrowedEnglishJapanese “Of, relating to, derived from, or characteristic of Japan, its people, language, or culture.”
- derivedEnglishDurst “A surname.”
- partEnglish新 “new”
- derivedEnglishcarrying “Transportation.”
- derivedEnglishgunfire “Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.”
- derivedEnglishseemingly “As it appears; apparently.”
- derivedEnglishBusch “A surname.”
- derivedEnglishboth “Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.”
- derivedEnglishNeapolitan “Of, from or relating to the city of Naples, capital and largest city of Campania, Italy, or the sur…”
- derivedEnglishNARG “not a real gentleman”
- derivedEnglishThe
- derivedEnglish1993
- derivedEnglishsyllaba “syllable”
- derivedEnglishδαμάω “to tame”
- derivedEnglishtits “Used to express dismay or annoyance.”
- derivedEnglishthis “The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).”
- derivedEnglishany “To even the slightest extent; at all.”
- derivedEnglishpissed “Drunk.”
- partEnglishin- “in, into, towards, within.”
- derivedEnglishTerra “The Roman earth goddess, equivalent in the interpretatio graeca to Gaea.”
- derivedEnglishstaged “Of an event, intentionally performed while being falsely contrived to appear authentic or coinciden…”
- partEnglishwīg “war”
- derivedEnglishScandinavian “Someone from Scandinavia.”
- derivedEnglishHermann “A surname from German borrowed from German Hermann.”
- derivedEnglish-splain “A suffix combined with a descriptive adjective or noun to create a verb meaning someone who fits th…”
- derivedGermanPyridin “pyridine”
- derived (possibly)Englishpound “A unit of weight in various measurement systems.”
- derivedEnglishfalling
- derivedEnglishone “The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.”
- derivedEnglishHeu “hay”
- derivedEnglishthere “In or at a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) that is perceived to be away …”
- derivedEnglishCraig's
- derived (possibly)Englishde- “reversal, undoing”
- derivedEnglishhouseholds
- derivedLatindolor “pain”
- derivedEnglishLugau
- derivedEnglishairports
- derivedEnglishportable “Able to be carried or easily moved.”
- derivedEnglishlux “In the International System of Units, the derived unit of illuminance or illumination; one lumen pe…”
- derivedEnglishabove “Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing.”
- derivedEnglishbenzyl-methyl
- partEnglishvitamin “Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth…”
- derivedLatinaēneus “made of copper or bronze”
- derivedEnglishἕρπω “I creep”
- derivedEnglishother “See other (determiner) below.”
- partEnglishsnow “The partly frozen, crystalline state of water that falls from the atmosphere as precipitation in fl…”
- derivedEnglishcut “To perform an incision on, for example with a knife.”
- derivedEnglishQueen “A title used before the personal name of a queen.”
- derived (possibly)EnglishLeid
- derived (possibly)Englishhamr
- derivedEnglishever “Always, frequently, forever.”
- derivedEnglishDante's
- derivedEnglishtasting “A small amount of food or drink.”
- derivedEnglishsċeaft “shaft”
- derivedEnglishdry “Free from or lacking moisture.”
- derivedEnglishSchleswig-Holstein “One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nati…”
- derivedEnglishwas “Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural.”
- derivedEnglishYpres “A city in West Flanders, Belgium.”
- derivedEnglishproduction “The act of producing, making or creating something.”
- derivedEnglishthunderbird “A mythological bird, often associated with stormy weather, especially in various indigenous North A…”
- derivedMalaysinga
- derivedEnglish1945
- derivedEnglishπεριστερά “pigeon”
- derivedEnglishGreece “A country in Southeastern Europe. Official name: Hellenic Republic. Capital and largest city: Athen…”
- derivedEnglishColumn
- derivedEnglishwir “myrtle”
- derivedEnglishMalecite-Passamaquoddy “The Algonquian language spoken by the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy peoples in New England and Canada.”
- derivedEnglishyate “Any of several species of Eucalyptus.”
- derivedEnglishcompound “An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined.”
- derivedEnglishcheesy “Of or relating to cheese.”
- derived (possibly)Scottish Gaeliccurrach “boggy plain”
- derivedEnglishhræfn “raven”
- derivedEnglishMay “The fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June.”
- derivedEnglish1911
- derivedEnglishgeneric “Very broad; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or groups as opposed to specific instances.”
- derivedEnglishvariable “Able to vary or be varied.”
- derivedEnglishbefore “Earlier than (in time).”
- inheritedMiddle Englishwhich
Related: English knez (doublet), English cyning (doublet), Yola king, North Frisian kining, Saterland Frisian Kening, West Frisian kening, Alemannic German Chüng, Bavarian Kini, Central Franconian Künning, Cimbrian khuuneg, Dutch koning, German König, Luxembourgish Kinnek, Vilamovian kyng, Yiddish קעניג, Danish kong, Elfdalian kunungg, Faroese kongur, Icelandic kóngur, Norwegian Bokmål konge, Norwegian Nynorsk konge, Scanian káng, Swedish konung, ltg,lv kungs
Sources
- Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wiktionary: king