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Etymology data from Wiktionary via Wiktextract (CC BY-SA 4.0). Chinese character data from the 說文解字, the Taiwan MOE 國語辭典簡編本 (CC BY-ND 3.0 TW) and HSK/TOCFL lists.

Explanations are written by a local model (gemma4) and only published after a verification pass against the cited sources. How it works.

English

other

/ˈʌðə/
See other (determiner) below.

    Etymology graph

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    • borrowed
    • derived
    • parts
    • meaning component
    • sound component
    • related
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    Origin

    From Middle English other, from Old English ōþer (“other, second”), from Proto-West Germanic *ą̄þar, *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros (“other”).

    Cognate with Scots uther, ither (“other”), Old Frisian ōther, ("other"; > North Frisian ouder, öler, üđer, Saterland Frisian uur, West Frisian oar), Old Saxon ōthar, ("other"; > Low German anner), Old Dutch āthar, ("other"; > Afrikaans ander, Dutch ander), Old High German andar, ("other"; > Cimbrian andar, German ander, anderer, Luxembourgish aner, Mòcheno ònder, Yiddish אַנדער (ander)), Old Norse annarr, ("other"; > Danish anden, Faroese annar, Icelandic annar, Jamtish æðnen, ænnen, Norwegian Bokmål annen, Norwegian Nynorsk annan, Swedish annan), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 (anþar, “other”), Old Prussian anters, antars (“other, second”), Lithuanian antroks (“other”, pronoun), Latvian otrs, otrais (“second”), Macedonian втор (vtor, “second”), Albanian ndërroj (“to change; to switch; to alternate”), Sanskrit अन्त॑र (ántara, “different”).

    French autre, Spanish otro, Portuguese outro, etc., all from Latin alter, are false cognates. A true cognate would be Latin anterior.

    From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Lineage

    • inheritedMiddle Englishother
      • inheritedOld Englishōþer
        • inheritedProto-West Germanic*anþar
    • derivedEnglishearlier “occurring previously”
      • derivedEnglishthere “In or at a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) that is perceived to be away …”
        • inheritedMiddle Englishthere
      • derived (possibly)Englishraspise
        • derivedEnglishAnglo-Latin “Latin language as used in Britain, especially Medieval as well as Ecclesiastical and legal Latin.”
      • partEnglishcontentious “Marked by heated arguments or controversy.”
        • derivedMiddle Frenchcontentieux
      • derivedEnglishNan “radiotelephony clear-code word for the letter N.”
        • borrowedThaiน่าน
      • derivedEnglisha “The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.”
        • derivedEnglishwhich “What, of those mentioned or implied.”
        • derivedEnglishleer “To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent.”
        • derivedEnglishflap “Anything broad and flexible that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily …”
        • derivedEnglishjam “A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast o…”
        • derivedEnglishwindow “An opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outsid…”
        • derivedEnglishwind “Real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pr…”
        • partEnglishAllhallowmas “All Saints' Day.”
        • derivedEnglishbog “An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft…”
        • derivedEnglishclosing “The act by which something is closed.”
        • derivedEnglishBritain “The United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain …”
        • derivedEnglishsoylent “An undesirable, lackluster, and artificial foodstuff, as a substitute for real meat.”
        • derivedEnglishCicero's
        • partEnglishThomas “An infidel or doubter.”
        • derivedEnglishMiddle “A sheading of the Isle of Man.”
        • derivedEnglishbradán “salmon”
        • derivedEnglishrotary “Capable of rotation.”
        • derivedEnglishwithin “In the inner part, spatially; physically inside.”
        • derivedEnglisheating “Bred to be eaten.”
        • derivedEnglishblue “Of a blue hue.”
        • borrowedEnglishFrench “The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by…”
        • partEnglishStanley “A habitational surname from Old English.”
        • derived (possibly)EnglishCarolina “A female given name from Latin, Latinate form of Caroline; rare in English.”
        • derivedEnglishlate “Near the end of a period of time.”
        • derivedEnglishtso
        • derivedEnglishteneō “to hold, to retain”
        • derived (possibly)Englishtechnical “Specifically related to a particular discipline.”
        • derivedEnglishwaffle “A flat pastry pressed with a grid pattern, often eaten hot with butter and/or honey or syrup.”
        • derivedEnglishHugh “A male given name from the Germanic languages.”
        • derivedEnglishWilkin “A surname originating as a patronymic.”
        • derivedEnglishJohan “A female given name from Hebrew.”
        • derivedEnglishMonty “A diminutive of the male given names Montgomery and Montague.”
        • derivedEnglishRichard “A male given name from the Germanic languages.”
        • derivedEnglishMassachusett “A Native American tribe who traditionally live in the Massachusetts Bay area in the state of Massac…”
        • derivedEnglishDravidian “A family of related ethnicities and languages primarily in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka, and…”
        • derivedEnglishOld “A surname.”
        • partOld Englishdū̆ce “duck”
        • derivedEnglishtolowechek' “I speak Tolowa”
        • derivedEnglishpuff “A sharp exhalation of a small amount of breath through the mouth.”
        • derivedEnglishBela “A short river in south Cumbria, England, which flows into the estuary of the River Kent; in full, t…”
        • derivedEnglishole “An interjection used to stir up excitement.”
        • derivedEnglishsense “Any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world: for humans sight, smell, hea…”
        • derivedEnglishpituitary “Of or relating to the pituitary gland.”
        • derivedEnglishvariable “Able to vary or be varied.”
        • derivedEnglishBolama “One of the islands of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau”
        • derivedEnglishleg “A limb or appendage that an animal uses for support or locomotion on land.”
        • derivedEnglishThe
        • derived (possibly)Englishtransport “To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey.”
        • derivedEnglishNovak “A surname.”
        • derivedEnglishvan “A covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cu…”
        • derivedEnglishਰਾਵਾ “commander, king”
        • derivedEnglishof “From (a place); off.”
        • derivedEnglish1535:
        • derivedEnglishabfraction “A proposed mechanism for noncarious tooth tissue loss, owing not to decay but rather to biomechanic…”
        • derivedEnglishhide “To put (something) in a place where it will be out of sight or harder to discover.”
        • derivedEnglishLa “A surname”
        • derivedEnglishMargaret “A female given name from Ancient Greek.”
        • derivedEnglishhis “Belonging to him.”
        • derived (possibly)Old Norsein
        • derivedClassical Latinumbilicus
        • derivedEnglishmy “Belonging to me.”
        • calqueJapanese頭
        • derivedEnglishbloodroot “A North American plant, Sanguinaria canadensis, of the poppy family, which has a red root and sap a…”
        • derivedEnglishwet “Made up of liquid or moisture, usually (but not always) water.”
        • derivedEnglishWilliam “radiotelephony clear-code word for the letter W.”
        • derivedEnglishobscurity “Darkness; the absence of light.”
        • derivedEnglishc.
        • derivedOld EnglishTæbba
        • derivedEnglishclassic “Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art.”
        • derivedEnglishKlemens
        • derivedEnglishtea “The tea plant (Camellia sinensis); (countable) a variety of this plant.”
        • derivedEnglishCritique
        • partEnglisheven “Flat and level.”
        • partEnglishknife “A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually stee…”
        • partOld Englishworþ “enclosure”
        • inheritedMiddle Englisha
        • inheritedMiddle Englishof
        • inheritedMiddle Englishaw
        • borrowedRussianа
      • derivedEnglishtendency “A likelihood of behaving in a particular way or going in a particular direction; a tending toward.”
        • borrowedMedieval Latintendentia
      • derivedMiddle Englishsetten
        • inheritedOld Englishsettan
      • derived (possibly)Englishthe “...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or ve…”
        • derivedEnglish7th
        • derivedEnglishSweden “A country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden. Capital: Stockholm.”
        • derivedEnglishJohn “A male given name originating from the Bible [in turn from Hebrew]; very popular since the Middle A…”
        • derivedEnglishEisen “A surname from German.”
        • derivedEnglishMilonakis—himself
        • derivedEnglishmull “To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate.”
        • derivedEnglishNîmes “A city, the capital of Gard department, Occitania, southern France, formerly in the region of Langu…”
        • derivedEnglishon “In the state of being active, functioning or operating.”
        • derivedEnglishpassio “suffering”
        • derivedEnglishmarine “Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the …”
        • derivedEnglishninny “A silly or foolish person.”
        • derivedEnglishlack “A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth.”
        • derivedEnglishtalking “The action of the verb talk.”
      • partEnglishrag “Tattered clothes (clothing).”
      • derivedItalianby
      • derived (possibly)Englishbung “A stopper, alternative to a cork, often made of rubber, used to prevent fluid passing through the n…”
      • derived (possibly)Englishan “Used before a vowel sound.”
      • derived (possibly)Englishbukara “wine jug”
      • derived (possibly)Shawnee[Term?] “place of the white bones”
      • derivedEnglishPilo-taikita
      • derivedEnglishchemise “A loose shirtlike undergarment, especially for women.”
      • partEnglishrancorous “Full of rancor; bitter; unforgiving.”
      • partEnglishtag “A small label.”

    Related: Scots uther, Old Frisian oþer, North Frisian ouder, Saterland Frisian uur, West Frisian oar, Old Saxon ōthar, Low German anner, Old Dutch āthar, Afrikaans ander, Dutch ander, Old High German andar, Cimbrian andar, German ander, Luxembourgish aner, Mòcheno ònder, Yiddish אַנדער, Old Norse annarr, Danish anden, Faroese annar, Icelandic annar, Jamtish æðnen, Norwegian Bokmål annen, Norwegian Nynorsk annan, Swedish annan

    Words built on it: another, each other, other times

    Meanings

    adj
    1. See other (determiner) below.
    2. Second.
    3. Alien.
    4. Different.
    5. Left, as opposed to right.
    noun
    1. An other, another (person, etc), more often rendered as another.
    2. The other one; the second of two.
    det
    1. Not the one or ones previously referred to.
    adv
    1. Otherwise.

    Sources

    • Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
    • Wiktionary: other