man
Etymology graph
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- borrowed
- derived
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- sound component
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Origin
From Middle English man, from Old English mann m (“human being, person, man”), from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“human being, man”). Doublet of mann and Manu.
Cognates
This word has many cognates, in every Germanic language (whether extant or extinct), with similarities in form and meaning.
Virtually all the words below mean “man” and “husband”, with some specific cases noted.
In Ingvaeonic (the languages closest to English):
:* Low German Mann
:* North Frisian maan, man, moon, muon
:* Saterland Frisian Mon
:* Scots man
:* West Frisian man
:* Yola man
In the remainder of West Germanic:
:* Alemannic German ma, Maa, Mann, mo, mà, Mànn
:* Bavarian Mo, mon, moon, Må, mònn
:* Cimbrian man, mann, månn
:* Dutch, Limburgish, and Zealandic man
:* German and Luxembourgish Mann
:* Mòcheno mònn
:* Vilamovian maon, mon, mōn
:* Yiddish מאַן (man)
In East Germanic:
:* Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 (manna), which meant “man”, “human“ and “person”, but likely also “husband”
In North Germanic:
:* Danish mand
:* Faroese and Icelandic maður, both additionally meaning “human” and “person”, as in Old Norse
:* Gutnish and Swedish man
:* Norn, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk mann
:* Norwegian Nynorsk mainnj
:* Old Norse maðr
Outside Germanic:
: Indo-Iranian:
::* Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬱 (manuš, “human”)
::* Sanskrit मनुस् (manus, “human”), मनु (manu, “human; humanity; thought”; “thinking; wise; intelligent”)
::* Also Sanskrit म॒नु॒ष्य॑ (manuṣyà, “human; man; huband”, whence English manusya)
: Slavic (all of these mean “man” and “husband”, though in some cases the former is no longer part of the modern standard):
::* Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian муж (muž)
::* Bulgarian мъж (măž)
::* Czech and Slovak muž
::* Macedonian маж (maž)
::* Polish mąż (“husband”; the meaning “man” is obsolete, akin to English wife)
::* Serbo-Croatian му̑ж, mȗž
::* Slovene mož
From Middle English mannen, from Old English mannian, ġemannian (“to man, supply with men, populate, garrison”), from mann (“human being, man”).
Cognates
* Dutch bemannen (“to man”)
* German bemannen (“to man”)
* Danish bemande (“to man”)
* Swedish bemanna (“to man”)
* Icelandic manna (“to supply with men, to man”)
Clipping of manual.
From Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Lineage
- inheritedMiddle Englishman
- inheritedOld Englishmann “person”
- derivedOld Englishmann “person”
- derivedEnglishthe “...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or ve…”
- derivedEnglish7th
- derivedEnglishSweden “A country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden. Capital: Stockholm.”
- derivedEnglishJohn “A male given name originating from the Bible [in turn from Hebrew]; very popular since the Middle A…”
- derivedEnglishEisen “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMilonakis—himself
- derivedEnglishmull “To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate.”
- derivedEnglishNîmes “A city, the capital of Gard department, Occitania, southern France, formerly in the region of Langu…”
- derivedEnglishon “In the state of being active, functioning or operating.”
- derivedEnglishpassio “suffering”
- derivedEnglishmarine “Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the …”
- derivedEnglishninny “A silly or foolish person.”
- derivedEnglishlack “A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth.”
- derivedEnglishtalking “The action of the verb talk.”
- derivedEnglisha “The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.”
- derivedEnglishPlacerville “A city, the county seat of El Dorado County, California, United States.”
- derivedEnglishinside “The interior or inner part.”
- derived (possibly)Englishwhich “What, of those mentioned or implied.”
- derivedEnglishacetylierte
- derivedEnglishBlau “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishan “Used before a vowel sound.”
- derivedEnglishFahr “A surname from German.”
- derived (possibly)EnglishMatthew “A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.”
- derivedEnglishBMC
- derivedLatin-plus “-ple”
- derivedEnglishming “To mix, blend, mingle.”
- derivedEnglishRuaghagain
- derivedEnglishhome “One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which …”
- derivedEnglishkind “A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may b…”
- derivedEnglishits “Belonging to it.”
- derivedEnglishfirst “Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest.”
- derivedEnglish1940
- derivedProto-Germanic*landą “land”
- derivedEnglishKohl “A surname from German.”
- derivedEnglishMöhn
- derivedEnglishÓ “descendant”
- derivedEnglishsmelting “The process of melting or fusion, especially to extract a metal from its ore.”
- borrowedEnglishJapanese “Of, relating to, derived from, or characteristic of Japan, its people, language, or culture.”
- derivedEnglishDurst “A surname.”
- partEnglish新 “new”
- derivedEnglishcarrying “Transportation.”
- derivedEnglishgunfire “Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.”
- derivedEnglishseemingly “As it appears; apparently.”
- derivedEnglishBusch “A surname.”
- derivedEnglishboth “Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.”
- derivedEnglishNeapolitan “Of, from or relating to the city of Naples, capital and largest city of Campania, Italy, or the sur…”
- derivedEnglishNARG “not a real gentleman”
- derivedEnglishThe
- derivedEnglish1993
- derivedEnglishsyllaba “syllable”
- derivedEnglishδαμάω “to tame”
- derivedEnglishtits “Used to express dismay or annoyance.”
- derivedEnglishthis “The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).”
- derivedEnglishany “To even the slightest extent; at all.”
- derivedEnglishking “A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his natio…”
- derivedEnglishpissed “Drunk.”
- partEnglishin- “in, into, towards, within.”
- derivedEnglishTerra “The Roman earth goddess, equivalent in the interpretatio graeca to Gaea.”
- derivedEnglishstaged “Of an event, intentionally performed while being falsely contrived to appear authentic or coinciden…”
- partEnglishwīg “war”
- derivedEnglishScandinavian “Someone from Scandinavia.”
- derivedEnglishHermann “A surname from German borrowed from German Hermann.”
- derivedEnglish-splain “A suffix combined with a descriptive adjective or noun to create a verb meaning someone who fits th…”
- derivedGermanPyridin “pyridine”
- derived (possibly)Englishpound “A unit of weight in various measurement systems.”
- derivedEnglishfalling
- derivedEnglishone “The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.”
- derivedEnglishHeu “hay”
- derivedEnglishthere “In or at a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) that is perceived to be away …”
- derivedEnglishCraig's
- derived (possibly)Englishde- “reversal, undoing”
- derivedEnglishhouseholds
- derivedLatindolor “pain”
- derivedEnglishLugau
- derivedEnglishairports
- derivedEnglishportable “Able to be carried or easily moved.”
- derivedEnglishlux “In the International System of Units, the derived unit of illuminance or illumination; one lumen pe…”
- derivedEnglishabove “Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing.”
- derivedEnglishbenzyl-methyl
- partEnglishvitamin “Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth…”
- derivedLatinaēneus “made of copper or bronze”
- derivedEnglishἕρπω “I creep”
- derivedEnglishother “See other (determiner) below.”
- partEnglishsnow “The partly frozen, crystalline state of water that falls from the atmosphere as precipitation in fl…”
- derivedEnglishcut “To perform an incision on, for example with a knife.”
- derivedEnglishQueen “A title used before the personal name of a queen.”
- derived (possibly)EnglishLeid
- derived (possibly)Englishhamr
- derivedEnglishever “Always, frequently, forever.”
- derivedEnglishDante's
- derivedEnglishtasting “A small amount of food or drink.”
- derivedEnglishsċeaft “shaft”
- derivedEnglishdry “Free from or lacking moisture.”
- derivedEnglishSchleswig-Holstein “One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nati…”
- derivedEnglishwas “Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural.”
- derivedEnglishYpres “A city in West Flanders, Belgium.”
- derivedEnglishproduction “The act of producing, making or creating something.”
- derivedEnglishthunderbird “A mythological bird, often associated with stormy weather, especially in various indigenous North A…”
- derivedMalaysinga
- derivedEnglish1945
- derivedEnglishπεριστερά “pigeon”
- derivedEnglishGreece “A country in Southeastern Europe. Official name: Hellenic Republic. Capital and largest city: Athen…”
- derivedEnglishColumn
- derivedEnglishwir “myrtle”
- derivedEnglishMalecite-Passamaquoddy “The Algonquian language spoken by the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy peoples in New England and Canada.”
- derivedEnglishyate “Any of several species of Eucalyptus.”
- derivedEnglishcompound “An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined.”
- derivedEnglishcheesy “Of or relating to cheese.”
- derived (possibly)Scottish Gaeliccurrach “boggy plain”
- derivedEnglishhræfn “raven”
- derivedEnglishMay “The fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June.”
- derivedEnglish1911
- derivedEnglishgeneric “Very broad; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or groups as opposed to specific instances.”
- derivedEnglishvariable “Able to vary or be varied.”
- rootProto-Indo-European*mon- “human being, man”
- inheritedMiddle Englishmannen
- derivedEnglishmanual “Synonym of handbook.”
Related: English wife, English mann (doublet), English Manu (doublet), Low German Mann, North Frisian maan,man,moon,muon, Saterland Frisian Mon, Scots man, West Frisian man, Yola man, Alemannic German ma,Maa,Mann,mo,mà,Mànn, Bavarian Mo,mon,moon,Må,mònn, Cimbrian man,mann,månn, nl,li,zea man, de,lb Mann, Mòcheno mònn, Vilamovian maon,mon,mōn, Yiddish מאַן, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰, Danish mand, fo,is maður, gmq-gut,sv man, nrn,nb,nn mann, Norwegian Nynorsk mainnj, Old Norse maðr
Words built on it: to a man, he-man, man up, day man, man-made, head man, young man, man child
Sources
- Wiktionary (via Wiktextract / kaikki.org) — CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wiktionary: man